Hemostasis can be a confusing and complicated topic so I've broken it down into two parts. This video will focus on initial endothelial injury to formation of the stable plug, covering the four phases of hemostasis: arteriolar vasoconstriction, primary hemostasis, secondary hemostasis and clot stabilization. We'll be working through this process using excellent illustrations by Dr. Abhijit Das for the 11th edition of Robbins and Kumar Basic Pathology.

This video continues from Hemostasis part 1 for the events that occur after a clot has formed and will focus on the anticoagulant mechanisms employed by the body to prevent thrombosis.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation can be a disastrous complication for your patients with infections, trauma and malignancies. This video will review the causes and pathophysiology of DIC and the laboratory tests used to make the diagnosis. A good understanding of coagulation and fibrinolysis is recommended: Hemostasis 1 and 2 are good refreshers!

Atherosclerosis has a tremendous impact on morbidity and mortality. This video analyzes the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis as a "response to injury" and addresses the clinical consequences of this disease process.

This video not only covers how RB regulates the cell cycle, but also provides the context of the retinoblastoma tumor and Knudsen's "two-hit" hypothesis, setting you up to understand familial cancer syndromes.

In this video, I discuss some of the challenging concepts in genetic diseases: chromosomal translocations, nondisjunction, triplet repeat diseases and imprinting.

This video is for medical students to help you understand the etiology, pathophysiology and clinical features of immune (Rh, ABO) hydrops and nonimmune hydrops (increased hydrostatic pressure/decreased oncotic pressure). Fetal hydrops is something you'll be seeing on your obstetrics and pediatrics rotations (not to mention shelf exams and Board exams!).

This video centers tobacco in the Environmental Pathology chapter of Robbins Basic Pathology, as an overview of the mechanisms that contribute to disease and an introduction to the pathologic entities that you will encounter as you progress from general pathology to systems pathology.

Ghrelin, leptin, peptide YY, proopiomelanocortin... oh my! This video will review the neurohumoral mechanisms that are part of the efferent and afferent systems and central processing system that regulate energy balance and body weight. Understanding this topic will help you communicate with your patients regarding weight gain/loss and provide insights into pharmaceutical developments in this field.

What are the possible outcomes of acute inflammation: Resolution, chronic inflammation, abscess formation and fibrosis. This video will describe the processes that contribute to these outcomes.

This is a quick concept video to help medical students get a grip on the differences between necrosis and apoptosis. There will be a much more scientific and detailed video that discusses Bcl-2, Bax, caspases, etc. But this is just a fun introduction to the concept using ... tomatoes!

 
 

Here we get into the nuts and bolts of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway: BAD, BIM, BCL-2, BAX, BAK! I'll walk you through it slowly to show how the pathways unfold!

They don't call p53 the "guardian of the genome" for nothing! This video covers how p53 protects DNA through cell cycle arrest (quiescence), senescence and apoptosis and shows what happens when the system breaks down... malignancy!

 
 

To understand the pathophysiology and diagnosis of anemias, one MUST be able to interpret these laboratory tests. This will be at the basic level for medical students. I'll be covering initial screening tests, red cell indices and tests to order when considering hemolysis, iron deficiency, megaloblastic anemia, variant hemoglobins and immunohemolytic anemia. Bonus images of peripheral smear findings!

There is a lot to cover in this compare-and-contrast video for medical students. I'll discuss the pathophysiology, gross and microscopic findings as well as the clinical features of ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease.

 

Diabetes is a HUGE topic! To create a more manageable "bite", this video includes a brief introduction to the pathogenesis of type I and type II diabetes, then focuses primarily on the pathophysiologic mechanisms that lead to the complications of chronic hyperglycemia: macro- and microvascular disease, polyneuropathy and blindness. We'll address advanced glycation end products, protein kinase C activation, oxidative stress/disturbances of the polyol pathway and the hexosamine pathway.

 
 

This video for medical students will provide a brief review of thyroid physiology and the laboratory tests used in the diagnosis of hypo- and hyperthyroidism before diving in to each entity that falls under the rubric “Autoimmune Thyroid Disease”:  chronic lymphocytic (Hashimoto) thyroiditis, subacute granulomatous (de Quervain) thyroiditis, subacute lymphocytic (painless), Riedel (IgG4-mediated) thyroiditis and Graves disease.

This video for medical students works through the clinical findings, pathophysiology and diagnostic tests for diseases of the adrenal cortex: Cushing disease, hyperaldosteronism, adrenogenital syndromes and acute and chronic (Addison disease) adrenocortical insufficiency.

 
 

Don't just memorize the features of nephritic (hematuria, mild/moderate proteinuria/azotemia/hypertension) and nephrotic (massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, generalized edema, hyperlipidemia/lipiduria) syndrome. UNDERSTAND the pathophysiology! Deeper understanding = better medicine. This video compares and contrasts the pathophysiology and clinical findings of nephritic and nephrotic syndrome and analyzes a classic example of each.

This is a short jaunt through the major benign (oncocytoma, angiomyolipoma) and malignant (clear cell renal cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma). We'll talk about pathophysiology, look at some great pictures and do some compare and contrast. This video is for medical students, though there are some nice tidbits for more advanced study as well.

 
 

This video focuses on the pathophysiology and clinical and pathologic findings of the three types of cardiomyopathy: dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy.

Most medical schools don't spend a lot of time on eye pathology. This video will set you up for success on the wards and the boards by covering the highlights: retinal detachments, hypertensive retinopathy, diabetic retinopathy and a wee bit on glaucoma.