Chapter 6: Neoplasia
This video for medical students covers three of the eight hallmarks of cancer (listed below), as initially described by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2000. These “hallmarks” are the functions and capabilities that cells must enquire in order to “succeed” as malignant tumors. In this video, I focus on the three that I associate with growth (in bold): • Self-sufficiency in growth signals • Insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals • Altered cellular metabolism • Evasion of apoptosis • Limitless replicative potential • Sustained angiogenesis • Invasion and metastasis • Evasion of immune surveillance
This video continues with last five of the hallmarks of cancer (in bold):
• Self-sufficiency in growth signals • Insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals • Altered cellular metabolism • Evasion of apoptosis • Limitless replicative potential • Sustained angiogenesis • Invasion and metastasis • Evasion of immune surveillance
They don't call p53 the "guardian of the genome" for nothing! This video covers how p53 protects DNA through cell cycle arrest (quiescence), senescence and apoptosis and shows what happens when the system breaks down... malignancy!
This video not only covers how RB regulates the cell cycle, but also provides the context of the retinoblastoma tumor and Knudsen's "two-hit" hypothesis, setting you up to understand familial cancer syndromes.
How does cancer cause harm? This video for medical students focuses on the effects that a tumor has on the patient: local and hormonal effects, cachexia and paraneoplastic syndromes. Tumor grading and staging are also addressed.